Gingivitis- Definition,Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Gingivitis - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Definition
Gingivitis is an inflammatory series of action limited to the mucosal epithelial tissue around the cervical region of the teeth & the alveolar processes.It occurs due to improper oral hygiene of tooth or by injury to the gums from over-vigorous brushing, which results plaque buildup and tartar . It is the most common and mildest form of periodontal (gum) disease .Because gingivitis is mild painful in its primary stages, it generally goes unnoticed until acute irritation or receding gums occur.
Gingivitis can occur in all age groups is caused primarily by local irritants. It is nearly always reversible.The common signs of gingivitis are gums which are swollen and bleed on brushing. There are some factors that may cause gingivitis include hormonal imbalance, diabetes, smoking cigrates, aging, genetic predisposition, systemic diseases & conditions, stress, improper nutrition, puberty, pregnancy, substance abuse & HIV infection . The best way to prevent gingivitis is to brush daily by gently, with toothpaste and flossing with dental floss.
Causes
Gingivitis is a form of  periodontic disease. It is appeared by the long term impact of plaque deposits. Plaque is a soft, sticky films that grows on the exposed areas of the teeth, consisting of bacteria, mucus,& food wreckage & also when starches & sugars react with bacteria that is generally exist in the mouth. It is a major reason of tooth decay .If it is not taken out within 72 hours, plaque will become harder into tartar that cant be taken out by brushing or flossing.
Plaque & tartar irritate & inflame the gingiva.This inflammation can remain over the years, result deep pockets in between the teeth and gums and bone loss surrounding the teeth which known as periodontitis . Bacteria, and the toxins bacteria produce, result the gums to become infected, swollen & tender .Diabetes,harmonal imbalance , general illness, and poor dental hygiene are some of the cause for developing gingivitis.
Symptoms
Some of the common symptoms of gingivitis are as follows:

Bad mouth taste.
Foul breath .
Mouth sores
Change in the color from healthy pink to bright-red, or purple gums .
Shiny look to gum.
Gums that are painless, except when touched .
Red swollen gums that bleed easily, even if they're not sore & with gentle brushing.
Gums that itch with varying degrees of severity .
Receding gumline

Common causes of bleeding gums may include such as hormonal imbalance during pregnancy ,local irritants ,drugs ,viral infections ,fungal infection ,low garde nutrition.
Treatments
Regular oral hygiene that includes daily brushing and flossing can prevent the recurrence of gingivitis. But to ebb the gingival inflammation some anti-bacterial rinses or mouthwash can be used to treat.
Repair of misaligned teeth or replacement of dental and orthodontic appliances may be prescribed.To mitigate the swelling , local mouth gels which are usually antiseptic and anesthetic can also be used
The dental hygienist will perform brushing and flossing process. Professional tooth cleaning in addition to brushing and flossing may be prescribed twice per year or more frequently for complex conditions.

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